San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth

The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) was a research project that began in 2002 aimed at collecting geological data about the San Andreas Fault for the purpose of predicting and analyzing future earthquakes. The site consists of a 2.2 km pilot hole and a 3.2 km main hole. Drilling operations ceased in 2007. Located near the town of Parkfield, California, the project installed geophone sensors and GPS clocks in a borehole that cut directly through the fault. This data, along with samples collected during drilling, helped shed new light on geochemical and mechanical properties around the fault zone.

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SAFOD
mine, United States, 

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Location: 35.974, -120.552, KML, Cluster Map, Maps,

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• Lithology and internal structure of the San Andreas fault at depth based on characterization of Phase 3 whole-rock core in the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) borehole - scholarly article, Q1860, 2011
• Nucleation process of magnitude 2 repeating earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault predicted by rate-and-state fault models with SAFOD drill core data - scholarly article by Yoshihiro Kaneko et al published 13 January 2017 in Geophysical Research Letters, Q1860
• Structure of the San Andreas fault zone at SAFOD from a seismic refraction survey - scholarly article, Q1860, 2006
• Residual stress preserved in quartz from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth - scholarly article, Q1860, 2015
• Stress-induced seismic velocity anisotropy and physical properties in the SAFOD Pilot Hole in Parkfield, CA - scientific article, 2004
• Frictional strength of cuttings and core from SAFOD drillhole phases 1 and 2 - scholarly article, Q1860, 2006
• Frictional behavior of materials in the 3D SAFOD volume - article by B. M. Carpenter et al published 7 March 2009 in Geophysical Research Letters, Q1860
• Faulting processes in active faults – Evidences from TCDP and SAFOD drill core samples - scientific article published in August 2014
• Low strength of deep San Andreas fault gouge from SAFOD core - scientific article published on March 23, 2011, Q1860, online
• Constraining the exhumation and burial history of the SAFOD pilot hole with apatite fission track and (U-Th)/He thermochronometry - scholarly article, Q1860, 2004
• 3 km ">A study of secondary pyrite deformation and calcite veins in SAFOD damage zone with implications for aseismic creep deformation mechanism at depths >3 km - , 2018
• Deep permeability of the San Andreas Fault from San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) core samples - scientific article published in July 2014
• Stress orientations and magnitudes in the SAFOD pilot hole - scholarly article, Q1860, 2004
• Introduction to special section: Preparing for the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth - scholarly article, Q1860, 2004
• Velocity‐Based Earthquake Detection Using Downhole Distributed Acoustic Sensing—Examples from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth - scholarly article by Ariel Lellouch et al published 12 November 2019 in Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Q1860
• Helium measurements of pore fluids obtained from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD, USA) drill cores - , Q1860, 2010
• In situ frictional properties of San Andreas Fault gouge at SAFOD - article, 2014
• Correction to “Constraints on the stress state of the San Andreas Fault with analysis based on core and cuttings from San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) drilling phases 1 and 2” - scientific article, Q1860, 2010
• Correction to “Constraints on the stress state of the San Andreas Fault with analysis based on core and cuttings from San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) drilling phases 1 and 2” - scientific article, Q1860, 2010
• Grain size-dependent strength of phyllosilicate-rich gouges in the shallow crust: Insights from the SAFOD site - scientific article, 2017
• Three-Dimensional Seismic Attenuation Structure around the SAFOD Site, Parkfield, California - scientific article, Q1860, 2008
• Composition, Alteration, and Texture of Fault-Related Rocks from Safod Core and Surface Outcrop Analogs: Evidence for Deformation Processes and Fluid-Rock Interactions - article, Q1860, 2014
• Origin and significance of clay-coated fractures in mudrock fragments of the SAFOD borehole (Parkfield, California) - scholarly article, Q1860, 2006
• Constraints on paleofluid sources using the clumped-isotope thermometry of carbonate veins from the SAFOD (San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth) borehole - article published in 2016
• Arkosic rocks from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) borehole, central California: Implications for the structure and tectonics of the San Andreas fault zone - article, 2009
• Source scaling relationships of microearthquakes at Parkfield, CA, determined using the SAFOD Pilot Hole Seismic Array - article, 2006
• Constraints on the stress state of the San Andreas Fault with analysis based on core and cuttings from San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) drilling phases 1 and 2 - scientific article published in 2009, Q1860
• Chlorite-smectite clay minerals and fault behavior: New evidence from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) core - article, 2012
• Frictional properties of the active San Andreas Fault at SAFOD: Implications for fault strength and slip behavior - scholarly article, Q1860, 2015
• Paleomagnetic reorientation of San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) core - scholarly article, Q1860, 2008
• A microstructural study of fault rocks from the SAFOD: Implications for the deformation mechanisms and strength of the creeping segment of the San Andreas Fault - scientific article published in September 2012
• Observations of Rayleigh-Wave Phase Velocity and Coseismic Deformation Using an Optical Fiber, Interferometric Vertical Strainmeter at the SAFOD Borehole, California - , Q1860, 2010
• Joint inversion for Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs at SAFOD, Parkfield, California - , Q1860, 2009
• Structure of the California Coast Ranges and San Andreas Fault at SAFOD from seismic waveform inversion and reflection imaging - scholarly article, Q1860, 2007
• Mineralogical characterization of protolith and fault rocks from the SAFOD Main Hole - article, Q1860, 2006
• Continuous Measurement of Stress‐Induced Travel‐Time Variations at SAFOD - , Q1860, 2018
• Earthquake source parameters determined by the SAFOD Pilot Hole seismic array - article, Q1860, 2004
• Aseismic sliding of active faults by pressure solution creep: Evidence from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth - article, Q1860, 2011
• Joint inversion of gravity and arrival time data from Parkfield: New constraints on structure and hypocenter locations near the SAFOD drill site - scholarly article, Q1860, 2004
• A mechanical model of the San Andreas fault and SAFOD Pilot Hole stress measurements - article, Q1860, 2004
• Tomographic Vp and Vs structure of the California Central Coast Ranges, in the vicinity of SAFOD, from controlled-source seismic data - , 2012
• Joint Inversion of Body-Wave Arrival Times and Surface-Wave Dispersion for Three-Dimensional Seismic Structure Around SAFOD - , Q1860, 2014
• San Andreas fault zone velocity structure at SAFOD at core, log, and seismic scales - scientific article, 2015
• A multiscale study of the mechanisms controlling shear velocity anisotropy in the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth - scientific article, 2006
• Passive Seismic Imaging of Near Vertical Structures Around the SAFOD Site, California, Jointly Using Scattered P and SH Waves - scientific article, 2020
• Three-dimensional passive seismic waveform imaging around the SAFOD site, California, using the generalized Radon transform - scientific article published on 9 December 2009
• Source Characterization of Near-Surface Chemical Explosions at SAFOD - scholarly article, Q1860, 2012
• Serpentinite‐Rich Gouge in a Creeping Segment of the Bartlett Springs Fault, Northern California: Comparison With SAFOD and Implications for Seismic Hazard - article, Q1860, 2018
• San Andreas Fault Zone Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Physical Properties from SAFOD Cuttings and Core - scholarly article by John G. Solum et al published 30 November 2007 in Scientific Drilling, Q1860
• Interpretation ofSWaves Generated by Near-Surface Chemical Explosions at SAFOD - article, Q1860, 2015
• Detailed kinematics, structure and recurrence of micro-seismicity in the SAFOD target region - article, Q1860, 2004
• On the origin of mixed-layered clay minerals from the San Andreas Fault at 2.5–3 km vertical depth (SAFOD drillhole at Parkfield, California) - scientific article, Q1860, 2008
• Evidence of transient increases of fluid pressure in SAFOD phase III cores - article, Q1860, 2011
• Fault rocks from the SAFOD core samples: Implications for weakening at shallow depths along the San Andreas Fault, California - scientific article published in February 2011
• Broadband Records of Earthquakes in Deep Gold Mines and a Comparison with Results from SAFOD, California - scholarly article, Q1860, 2009
• Electrical resistivity structure at the SAFOD site from magnetotelluric exploration - scholarly article, Q1860, 2004
• Using drill cutting separates to estimate the strength of narrow shear zones at SAFOD - article, Q1860, 2007
• Preseismic velocity changes observed from active source monitoring at the Parkfield SAFOD drill site - scientific article published in Nature, Q1860, 2008
• A “slice-and-view” (FIB–SEM) study of clay gouge from the SAFOD creeping section of the San Andreas Fault at ∼2.7 km depth - article, 2014
• Heat flow in the SAFOD pilot hole and implications for the strength of the San Andreas Fault - scholarly article, Q1860, 2004
• SAFOD Brittle Microstructure and Mechanics Knowledge Base (BM2KB) - scientific article published in July 2013, Q1860
• Low resistivity and permeability in actively deforming shear zones on the San Andreas Fault at SAFOD - , Q1860, 2015
• Orientation of Three-Component Geophones in the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth Pilot Hole, Parkfield, California - , Q1860, 2005

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